Respons Varietas Padi terhadap Perendaman, Pemupukan, dan Jarak Tanam
Responses of Rice Varieties to Submergence, Nutrient Application, and Plant Spacing
Subjek
:
adi toleran rendaman, perendaman, pengelolaan hara
Kombinasi pemberian hara (bentuk pupuk) dan pengaturan jarak tanam pada varietas toleran rendaman diharapkan dapat mengurangi kehilangan hasil padi akibat rendaman di daerah sawah rawan banjir. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rendaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi, mendapatkan bentuk pupuk dan cara pemberian yang tepat, serta jarak tanam terbaik. Percobaan dilaksanakan di lahan petani yang setiap tahun mengalami banjir di Desa Langgengsari, Kecamatan Belanakan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat, pada awal Januari 2010, menggunakan varietas padi toleran rendaman dan didukung oleh budi daya terbaik. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan splitsplit plot dengan tiga ulangan. Metode pemberian pupuk (urea briket 90 kg N/ha dan Phonska + urea 90 kg N/ha) sebagai petak utama, jarak tanam [tegel (20 cm x 20 cm) dan legowo 6:1 (20 cm-40 cm) x 10 cm] sebagai anak petak, dan varietas padi toleran rendaman (IR64 Sub-1, Swarna Sub-1, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, dan Inpara 5) sebagai anak-anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas padi toleran rendaman yang mengalami perendaman selama 14 hari (umur 14 - 28 HST) pada fase vegetatif mampu bertahan hidup hingga panen. Selama perendaman, pertambahan tinggi tanaman berkisar antara 1,74 cm (Inpara 4) dan 2,70 cm (Inpara 3), jumlah anakan bertambah antara 0 (Inpara 3) dan 3 (Inpara 5) per rumpun. Penggunaan urea pril + Phonska sebanyak tiga kali memberikan hasil yang nyata lebih tinggi (4,99 t GKG/ha) dibandingkan dengan penggunaan urea briket dua kali (4,12 t GKG /ha). Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemberian N ketiga (pada fase primordia). Varietas Inpara 4 dan Inpara 5 menghasilkan gabah nyata lebih tinggi, masing masing 4,83 t GKG dan 4,80 t GKG/ha dibanding Inpara 3 (4,04 t GKG/ha) dan Ciherang yang ditanam petani di sekitarnya (3,90 t GKG/ha). Cara tanam terbaik untuk sawah yang mengalami perendaman berbeda-beda menurut varietas. Tanam jajar legowo 6:1 lebih sesuai untuk Inpara 5 (5,22 t GKG/ha) dibanding dengan cara tanam tegel 20 cm x 20 cm (4,38 t GKG/ha). Pada Inpara 4, cara tanam tegel 20 cm x 20 cm lebih baik (5,29 t GKG/ha) daripada legowo 6:1 (4,36 t GKG/ha). Pada Inpara 3, jarak tanam tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil gabah.
Responses of Rice Varieties to Submergence, Nutrient Application, and Plant Spacing. Combinations of fertilizer application and plant spacing on submergence tolerant rice varieties are expected to reduce yield losses and increase grain yields in the submerged flood-prone wetland. The research was aimed to determine the effect of submergence on growths and yields of rice, to find suitable technique of fertilizer application, and the best plant spacing in a flash flooding wetland. The research was conducted at farmers field in Langgengsari village, Belanakan District, Subang Regency, West Java, during the wet season of 2010. The treatments were arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications Fertilizer application methods (Briquette Urea 90 kg N/ha versus Phonska + urea 90 kg N/ha) was the mainplots; planting methods [equal spacing (20 cm x 20 cm) and legowo 6:1 (20 cm-40 cm) x 10 cm)] as sub-plots, and submergence tolerant rice varieties (IR64 Sub-1, Swarna Sub-1 dan Inpara 3) as sub-sub plots. The results showed that upon plant submergence for 14 days at the vegetative phase (14 to 28 DAT), the tolerant varieties still survived until harvest. During the 14-day submergence, plant height increased between 1.74 cm (Inpara 4) and 2.70 cm (Inpara 3), tiller number per hill increased between 0 (Inpara 3) and 3 (Inpara 5). Application of prilled urea + Phonska three times during the plant growth resulted in higher yield (4.99 t dry grain/ha) significantly more than that applied with briquette urea twice (4.12 t dry grain/ha), indicating the importance of the third N application at primordial stage. The submergence tolerant rice varieties (Inpara 4 and Inpara 5) produced significantly higher yields (4.83 t and 4.80 t dry grain/ha, respectively) than Inpara 3 (4.04 t dry grain/ha) or Ciherang (3.90 t dry grain/ha) that were grown by farmers in the surrounding areas. The best plant spacing for rice in the flood prone lowland area varied with the rice varieties. Paired rows (jajar legowo) 6:1 planting method was more suitable for Inpara 5 (5.22 t dry grain/ha) than the squared spacing (tegel) 20 cm x 20 cm (4.38 t dry grain/ha). Meanwhile, the tegel spacing was better for Inpara 4 (5.29 t dry grain/ha) than the jajar legowo 6:1 (4.36 t GKG/ha). The yield of Inpara 3 was not affected by plant spacing treatment.
