Abstrak :
Periodontitis merupakan suatu penyakit inflamasi jaringan penyangga gigi yang disebabkan adanya bakteri periodontopatogen salah satunya P.gingivalis. Faktor penunjang periodontitis adalah penyakit sitemik seperti Diabetes Melitus (DM) khususnya DM Tipe 2 yang paling umum terjadi. Perawatan yang sesuai pada jaringan periodontal maka dapat menjaga kondisi rongga mulut penderita DM yaitu dengan menyikat gigi secara teratur. Salah satu pasta gigi yang beredar di masyarakat memiliki kandungan enzim amiloglukosidase dan glukosa-oksidase Kedua enzim tersebut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan meningkatkan kerja sistem laktoperosidase sehingga menghasilkan hipotiosianat yang memiliki sifat bakteriostatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pasta gigi yang mengandung enzim amiloglukosidase dan glukosa-oksidase dalam menurunkan jumlah P. gingivalis. Jenis penelitian yaitu eksperimental klinis dengan metode kuantitatif dan rancangan pre-test post-test with control group design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 24 subyek penderita DM tipe 2 dengan periodontitis di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subyek terbagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan (menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi enzim) dan kelompok kontrol (menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi non enzim). Sampel yang digunakan berupa plak subgingiva dan diambil menggunakan paper point pada kedalaman >4mm. Analisis data menggunakan paired t-test dan independent t-test. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata sebelum (85,92x103CFU/ml) dan setelah (41,75x103CFU/ml) pemakaian pasta gigi enzim. Pada uji independent t-test juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara penurunan jumlah bakteri P. gingivalis pada pemakaian pasta gigi enzim dan non enzim (p<0,005). Penurunan yang terjadi setelah pemakaian pasta gigi enzim selama 2 minggu mencapai 51,7%. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa pasta gigi yang mengandung enzim amiloglukosidase dan glukosa-oksidase lebih efektif menurunkan jumlah P. gingivalis pada periodontitis penderita DM tipe 2.
Kata kunci : Enzim amiloglukosidase, Enzim glukosa-oksidase, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Periodontitis, Pasta gigi enzim.
Kepustakaan : 47 (1980-2014)
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease on the supporting tissue surrounding the teeth initiated by pathogenic bacteria, mostly P.gingivalis. Systemic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) especially type 2 DM, recognized as one of the affecting factors for periodontitis. Such proper treatment should be implemented to keep maintaining oral hygiene by brushing teeth frequently. A toothpaste containing enzyme amyloglucosidase and glucose-oxidase is now can easily be found in the market and is accessible. Those enzyme-formula claimed to inhibit bacterial growth by increasing the lactoperoxide-system ability to produce hypothiocyanite that has a bacteriostatic effect. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of brushing with toothpaste containing enzyme amyloglucosidase and glucose-oxidase on reducing P.gingivalis in periodontitis patients with type-2 DM. This study was an clinical experimental study, with quantitative method and post-test pre-test control group design. The study was carried on total 24 type 2 DM patients in Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto that meet the criteria. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment as follows: control group (brushing with conventional toothpaste/without enzyme) and treatment group (brushing with toothpaste containing enzyme). The subgingival plaque sample was obtained from each patient by inserting sterile paper point to gingival sulcus up to 4 mm deep. Paired T-test revealed that there was statistically significant differences in mean bacteria count before (86,5 x 103CFU/ml) and after (41,75 x 103CFU/ml) brushing with toothpaste containing enzyme. Independent T-test revealed that that there was statistically significant differences between the control and treatment group (p<0,005). The bacteria count reduced until 51,7% after brushing with toothpaste containing enzyme in 2 weeks. It was concluded that the enzyme ingredients added to the toothpaste evaluated in this study provided additional benefit to reducing P. gingivalis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with periodontitis.
Keywords : Enzyme amyloglucosidase, Enzyme glucose-oxidase, Porphyromonas
gingivalis, Periodontitis,
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